Automated Detection of Poor-Quality Scintigraphic Images Using Machine Learning

Abstract

Abstract Objective In the present study, we have used machine learning algorithm to accomplish the task of automated detection of poor-quality scintigraphic images. We have validated the accuracy of our machine learning algorithm on 99mTc-methyl diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scan images. Materials and Methods Ninety-nine patients underwent 99mTC-MDP bone scan acquisition twice at two different acquisition speeds, one at low speed and another at double the speed of the first scan, with patient lying in the same position on the scan table. The low-speed acquisition resulted in good-quality images and the high-speed acquisition resulted in poor-quality images. The principal component analysis (PCA) of all the images was performed and the first 32 principal components (PCs) were retained as feature vectors of the image. These 32 feature vectors of each image were used for the classification of images into poor or good quality using machine learning algorithm (multivariate adaptive regression splines [MARS]). The data were split into two sets, that is, training set and test set in the ratio of 60:40. Hyperparameter tuning of the model was done in which five-fold cross-validation was performed. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to select the optimal model using the largest value of area under the ROC curve. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the classification of poor- and good-quality images were taken as metrics for the performance of the algorithm. Result Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model in classifying poor-quality and good-quality images were 93.22, 93.22, and 93.22%, respectively, for the training dataset and 86.88, 80, and 93.7%, respectively, for the test dataset. Conclusion Machine learning algorithms can be used to classify poor- and good-quality images with good accuracy (86.88%) using 32 PCs as the feature vector and MARS as the classification model.