Comparison of Complications between Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion versus Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion in Two- and Three-Level Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background In this study, we systematically analyze the differences in complications between anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) in two- and three-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods We performed a systematic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, and Wan Fang Data for all relevant studies. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.3. Results A total of 11 articles with 849 study subjects were included, with 474 patients in the ACDF group and 375 patients in the ACCF group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in C5 palsy (odds ratio [OR]: 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–1.06), pseudarthrosis (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.23–5.07), dysphagia (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.60–1.86), infection (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.16–1.09), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.39–3.73), graft dislodgment (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.06–1.37), and hematoma (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.06–1.83), there are no significant differences between the ACDF and ACCF groups, whereas total complication (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.31–0.80) showed that the ACDF group had a significantly lower morbidity than the ACCF group. Furthermore, the three-level subgroup of ACDF had significantly better results in C5 palsy (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11–0.88), infection (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05–0.94), graft dislodgment (OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01–0.40), and total complication (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23–0.60) compared with the ACCF subgroup. Conclusion In general, postoperative pseudarthrosis, dysphagia, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, hematoma, C5 palsy, infection, and graft dislodgment did not differ significantly between the two groups. Total complication was significantly less in the ACDF group compared to the ACCF group. In the three-level subgroup, the morbidity of C5 palsy, infection, and graft dislodgment was significantly lower in ACDF than in ACCF.