Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetics with Moderate to Severe Chronic Periodontitis-A Pilot Trial

Abstract

AbstractBackground Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte-specific protein, which plays an important role in decreasing insulin resistance and inflammation, and hence can be considered in understanding the underlying mechanisms of both diabetes and periodontitis. As periodontitis and diabetes mellitus share common pathways of pathogenesis, this study was conducted to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetics with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods Ten poorly controlled type 2 diabetics (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥ 6.5%) with moderate to severe periodontitis (test group) and 10 age, sex, and body mass index matched systemically healthy patients with moderate to severe periodontitis (control group) were recruited. All the subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum were collected at the baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment for assessment of adiponectin levels.Results Adiponectin levels increased postperiodontal therapy in both the groups, both in GCF (p = 0.206, 0.12) and serum (p = 0.051, 0.06). HbA1c reduced in the test group posttreatment (p = 0.229).Conclusion Nonsurgical periodontal therapy affects adiponectin levels locally as well as systemically thereby leading to improvement of glycemic control.