Fluid therapy for emergent and critical cases: hypovolaemia vs dehydration

Abstract

Intravenous fluid therapy is commonly used in emergent and critical patients. Water is a nutrient that is vital to the survival of patients, but one that must be replenished daily. Fluid in the body can be subdivided into intracellular and extracellular portions, with extracellular being further divided into interstitial and intravascular compartments. Fluid loss from all compartments is called dehydration – this is not immediately life threatening. Hypovolaemia is fluid loss from the intravascular compartment – this is life-threatening and requires immediate treatment. Prompt patient assessment and identification of these conditions is essential in selecting the right treatment for the patient. Goal-directed therapy is the gold standard approach for patients receiving intravenous fluid therapy and the veterinary nurse has a key role to play in patient monitoring.