Examination of mares and fillies for breeding purposes

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the examination of mares and fillies for breeding purposes, with a suggested protocol for examination including: identification and history taking; physical examination; and screening for infectious reproductive diseases, potentially heritable defects and genetic diseases. Examination of the female reproductive tract is discussed based on its anatomical elements, along with guidance on assessment, indications for further investigations and conditions which may affect the future fertility of the individual. An in-depth evaluation of vulval conformation is described and quantitative assessment is illustrated using the ‘Caslick's index’. The limitations of the examination are described, along with guidance on certification of the examination findings.