1. Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia
2. Research Center, School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
3. Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrhamn University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4. Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dahran, Saudi Arabia
5. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Almangil University, Almangil, Sudan