Affiliation:
1. Professor of Orthodontics/Honorary Consultant
2. Clinical Lecturer/Honorary Consultant, Orthodontic Department, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
Abstract
Bonding brackets with composite resin is considered the gold standard in orthodontics. However, this can be challenging, especially where there is a requirement to bond to surfaces other than enamel, or where the enamel is defective. A choice of bonding modalities exists for these situations, and it is important that clinicians keep up-to-date with current techniques and practice. An overview of the evidence and techniques available for bonding to enamel and other surfaces (composite, porcelain, gold, amalgam and acrylic) is presented. Furthermore, a summary table providing a step-by-step guide for bonding techniques to various surfaces is provided. CPD/Clinical Relevance: We provide an overview of the evidence and techniques available to the orthodontist for bonding brackets to enamel and other surfaces including: composite, porcelain, gold, amalgam and acrylic.