‘I don't feel good about myself and sex’: sexual health experiences of women with gynaecological cancer in Ghana

Abstract

Background/Aims Patients with gynaecological cancer undergoing treatment face numerous challenges, including issues surrounding sexual health. Sexual health is an important aspect of human life, and the negative impact of gynaecological cancer, its treatments and any side effects may cause physical, emotional and psychological distress. In sub-Saharan Africa, sexual health and childbirth form the core of marital relationships; changes in sexual response and function as a result of cancer can lead to dysfunctional relationships. This study explored the sexual health experiences of patients with gynaecological cancer at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Methods This study used an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative design. A total of 12 adults with gynaecological cancer (cervical, endometrial and ovarian) were purposively selected from the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview guide through face-to-face or telephone interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four themes emerged: changes to the sex organ, changes in sex life, anxiety about treatment outcome and coping strategies. The participants had generally had healthy sex lives before being diagnosed with cancer. Psychologically, participants experienced anxiety and lacked interest in sex. Physical effects included bleeding, changes to the female organ and pain. The participants self-stigmatised in the form of low self-esteem and separation. They coped through religious means, family support and health education. Conclusions There is a need for psychosocial interventions in the care of women with gynaecological cancers, including measures to support coping with the physical effects of the condition and its treatment. It is recommended that stakeholders in cancer care are made aware of, and make efforts to include in their care, spirituality, family support and health education.