Basic principles of anaesthesia of small mammals: part 2

Abstract

Several anaesthetic protocols are reported in the literature for small mammals; it is however fundamental that drugs used and perioperative management are based on each patient individually, considering several factors such as temperament, health status and the procedure to be performed. Alpha-2 agonists, benzodiazepines and opioids are the drugs most commonly used for sedation and premedication in small mammals. General anaesthesia can be induced with injectable agents, such as propofol and alfaxalone, but inhalant anaesthetics delivered by mask or in an induction chamber are still quite commonly used, particularly in smaller patients. Volatile agents are generally preferred for maintenance of anaesthesia, as easy control of the depth of anaesthesia is achievable. Endotracheal intubation is not always possible in these species, but practice and the use of an endoscope can facilitate the procedure. Analgesia should be provided for surgical procedures, and local anaesthetic techniques are warranted whenever possible.