Attachment theory and social interaction in infants with a congenital facial palsy

Abstract

Contemporary research findings from the fields of attachment, infancy and developmental psychology have illustrated how the parent–infant bonding process is facilitated through reciprocal face-to-face interaction and whole body movements. It is suggested that these embodied interactions play a significant role in the construction of a sense of ‘self’, yet little is known about how this process may be affected when interpersonal interaction is compromised by conditions such as congenital facial palsy. This rare medical condition is present from birth, weakening and paralysing the muscles on one or both sides of the face, limiting facial expression and causing facial asymmetry. This article draws on findings from the field of attachment theory to consider how caregivers of infants with facial palsy and healthcare providers could facilitate the parent–infant bonding process through developing ‘embodied mentalising’ skills. Recommendations for future research and practice in this area are considered.