Facial rejuvenation treatments: a clinical review of botulinum toxin A, microneedling, hyaluronic acid dermal filler and intense pulsed light

Abstract

Facial rejuvenation treatments include any injectables or skin interventions that make the face appear younger. This article aims to improve treatment outcomes by assisting practitioners in selecting optimum treatment for patients depending on their individual needs, whether that is wrinkle reduction, long-term improvement of skin elasticity, reduction in pigmentation, tightening or all of these. This review includes clinical analyses of botulinum toxin, microneedling, hyaluronic acid dermal filler and intense pulsed light, including evidence and arguments for the benefits and limitations in each case.