An overview of iron deficiency anaemia and its management options

Abstract

This paper considers the common presentation of iron-deficiency anaemia. It discusses the prevalence, aetiology and signs and symptoms, as well as the importance of thorough history-taking. The article also explores investigations and diagnosis, before considering management options in primary care. These options include when to refer to secondary care for further investigations and intravenous (IV) iron therapy, if oral treatment fails to correct the haemoglobin and underlying iron deficiency. IV iron is considered, including the evidence base for its use in various conditions, available preparations and the associated risks. The importance of patient involvement in decision-making and valid consent to treatment is discussed. Guidance on IV iron administration to minimise the associated risks is offered, along with recommendations for long-term monitoring and the use of blood transfusion. While the paper is based on practice within the UK, evidence and guidance from around the world is used. Although this is an international issue, country and continent-specific guidance may have variations.