1. Associate Professor in the College of Nursing and Nurse Researcher at University Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0232
2. Associate Professor at the College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0232
3. Assistant Professor in the College of Medicine and an Anaesthesiologist at University Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0232
4. Associate Professor, Administrative Director of the Pain Management Center at the Medical Center. All are with the University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky USA 40536-0232