1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana;
2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana;
3. Ghana Institute of Clinical Genetics, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana;
4. Department of Haematology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana;
5. Department of Haematology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana;
6. Department of Anaesthesia, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana;
7. Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana;
8. Vanderbilt-Meharry-Walker Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Nashville, TN;
9. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
10. Rodeghier Consultants, Chicago, IL