Incomplete T-Cell Immune Reconstitution in Two Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II–Deficiency/Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome Patients After HLA-Identical Sibling Bone Marrow Transplantation

Abstract

To study the effects of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on T-cell development, we have investigated T-cell immune reconstitution in two MHC class II–deficiency patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Our study showed that the induction of MHC class II antigen expression on BM graft-derived T cells in these allo-BMT recipients was hampered upon T-cell activation. This reduction was most striking in the CD8+ T-cell subset. Furthermore, the peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in these graft-derived MHC class II–expressing CD4+ and in the CD8+ T-cell fractions was found to be restricted on the basis of TCR complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) size profiles. Interestingly, the T-cell immune response to tetanus toxoid (TT) was found to be comparable to that of the donor. However, when comparing recipient-derived TT-specific T cells with donor-derived T cells, differences were observed in TCR gene segment usage and in the hydropathicity index of the CDR3 regions. Together, these results reveal the impact of an environment lacking endogenous MHC class II on the development of the T-cell immune repertoire after allo-BMT.