Platelet and Megakaryocyte Dense Granules Contain Glycoproteins Ib and IIb-IIIa

Abstract

Abstract Platelets contain two main types of secretory organelles, the dense granules and the α-granules. P-selectin, a specific receptor for leukocytes that is present in the α-granule membrane, has also been demonstrated to be associated with the dense granule limiting membrane, showing that a relationship exists between these two types of secretory granules. We have previously shown that the plasma membrane receptors glycoproteins (Gp) IIb-IIIa and Ib are also present in the α-granule membrane. To document further the composition of the dense granule membrane, we have used immunoelectron microscopy in the present work to determine if the dense granule membrane also contains these glycoproteins. First, the cytochemical method of Richards and Da Prada (J Histochem Cytochem 25:1322, 1977), which specifically enhances dense body electron density, was combined with immunogold-labeled anti–Gp IIb-IIIa or anti–Gp Ib antibody. A consistent and reproducible labeling for Gp IIb-IIIa, but less for Gp Ib, was found in the membrane of platelet dense granules. Subsequently, double immunogold labeling was performed on frozen thin sections of resting platelets using antibodies directed against the dense body components granulophysin or P-selectin, followed by anti–Gp IIb-IIIa or anti–Gp Ib. Consistent labeling for Gp IIb-IIIa and weaker labeling for Gp Ib were detected in dense bodies. The possibility that the granulophysin-positive structures could be lysosomes was excluded by the presence of P-selectin. Immunogold labeling of isolated dense granule fractions confirmed these results. Identical findings were made on human cultured megakaryocytes using double immunolabeling. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the presence of Gp IIb-IIIa and Gp Ib on the dense granule membrane. This observation provides additionnal evidence of similarities between the α-granule and dense granule membranes and raises the possibility of a dual mechanism responsible for the formation of dense granules similar to that of α-granules, ie, endogenous synthesis as well as endocytosis from the plasma membrane.