Free HTLV-1 induces TLR7-dependent innate immune response and TRAIL relocalization in killer plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Author:

Colisson Renaud12,Barblu Lucie1,Gras Christophe1,Raynaud Françoise3,Hadj-Slimane Reda3,Pique Claudine4,Hermine Olivier1,Lepelletier Yves1,Herbeuval Jean-Philippe1

Affiliation:

1. Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8147, Université Paris Descartes, Paris;

2. Inserm U932, Institut Curie;

3. Inserm U648, Université Paris Descartes, and

4. CNRS UMR 8104, Inserm U567, Université Paris Descartes, Institut Cochin, Paris, France

Abstract

Abstract A recent report demonstrated that free human T-cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) could infect plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). The major role of pDCs is to secrete massive levels of interferon-α (IFN-α) upon virus exposure; however, the induction of IFN-α by HTLV-1 remains unknown. We demonstrate here that cell-free HTLV-1 generated a pDC innate immune response by producing massive levels of IFN-α that were inhibited by anti–HTLV-1 antibodies. HTLV-1 induced costimulatory molecules and rapid expression of the apoptotic ligand tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Furthermore, HTLV-1 stimulated pDC-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells expressing DR5, transforming pDCs into IFN-producing killer pDCs. We also observed that an endosomal acidification inhibitor and a Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7)–specific blocker drastically inhibited pDC response to HTLV-1. Three-dimensional microscopy analysis revealed that unstimulated pDCs were “dormant” IFN-producing killer pDCs with high levels of intracellular TRAIL that could be rapidly mobilized to the surface in response to TLR7 activation. Inhibition of viral degradation in endosomes by chloroquine maintained viral integrity, allowing virus detection by 3-dimensional microscopy. We demonstrate that pDCs respond to cell-free HTLV-1 by producing high levels of IFN-α and by mobilizing TRAIL on cell surface after TLR7 triggering. This is the first demonstration of an innate immune response induced by free HTLV-1.

Publisher

American Society of Hematology

Subject

Cell Biology,Hematology,Immunology,Biochemistry

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