1. Department of Internal Medicine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Internal Medicine, Paris, France;
2. INSERM, UMR_S970, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;
3. INSERM UMR_S1134, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France;
4. Laboratoire d'Excellence sur le Globule Rouge, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;
5. Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Yopougon, Hematology, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;
6. Centre de Recherche et de Lutte contre la Drépanocytose, Bamako, Mali;
7. Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Dakar, Senegal;
8. Department of Pediatry, Hôpital Pédiatrique Albert Royer, Pediatry, Dakar, Senegal;
9. Department of Hematology, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
10. Department of Pediatry, Hôpital Laquintinie, Douala, Cameroon;
11. Department of Pediatry, Centre Hospitalier d'Essos, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
12. Department of Hematology, Hopital Central de Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
13. Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Mère Enfant le Luxembourg, Bamako, Mali;
14. Centre Biomédical d’Abidjan, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;
15. Department of Cardiology, Fondation Mère Enfant Chantal Biya, Yaoundé, Cameroon;
16. Centre Cardiologique d’Abidjan, Abidjan, Ivory Coast;
17. Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Fann, Dakar, Senegal; and
18. Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France