Diverse marrow stromal cells protect CLL cells from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis: development of a reliable and reproducible system to assess stromal cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance

Author:

Kurtova Antonina V.1,Balakrishnan Kumudha2,Chen Rong2,Ding Wei3,Schnabl Susanne4,Quiroga Maite P.1,Sivina Mariela1,Wierda William G.1,Estrov Zeev1,Keating Michael J.1,Shehata Medhat4,Jäger Ulrich4,Gandhi Varsha2,Kay Neil E.3,Plunkett William2,Burger Jan A.1

Affiliation:

1. Departments of Leukemia, and

2. Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston;

3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and

4. Internal Medicine I, and K. Landsteiner Institute for Cytokine and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Abstract

Abstract Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) provide important survival and drug resistance signals to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, but current models to analyze CLL–MSC interactions are heterogeneous. Therefore, we tested different human and murine MSC lines and primary human MSCs for their ability to protect CLL cells from spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis. Our results show that both human and murine MSCs are equally effective in protecting CLL cells from fludarabine-induced apoptosis. This protective effect was sustained over a wide range of CLL–MSC ratios (5:1 to 100:1), and the levels of protection were reproducible in 4 different laboratories. Human and murine MSCs also protected CLL cells from dexamethasone- and cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis. This protection required cell–cell contact and was virtually absent when CLL cells were separated from the MSCs by micropore filters. Furthermore, MSCs maintained Mcl-1 and protected CLL cells from spontaneous and fludarabine-induced Mcl-1 and PARP cleavage. Collectively, these studies define common denominators for CLL cocultures with MSCs. They also provide a reliable, validated tool for future investigations into the mechanism of MSC–CLL cross talk and for drug testing in a more relevant fashion than the commonly used suspension cultures.

Publisher

American Society of Hematology

Subject

Cell Biology,Hematology,Immunology,Biochemistry

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