Bone Marrow Stroma-Derived Prolactin Is Involved in Basal and Platelet-Activating Factor–Stimulated In Vitro Erythropoiesis

Abstract

Abstract Cooperation between in vitro exogenous prolactin (PRL), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-3 (IL-3) at an early step of in vitro erythroid differentiation has been shown in a previous study. To gain more insight into the role of PRL in in vivo hematopoiesis, we have now addressed the involvement of endogenous PRL in the growth of hematopoietic progenitors in a bone marrow (BM) stroma environment. The possible modulation of local PRL production by the inflammatory mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF), which is known to be produced by BM cells and to regulate pituitary PRL release, has also been evaluated. Development of burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colonies from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors cultured on a BM stroma cells (BMSC) layer was slightly, but significantly, reduced in the presence of an antihuman PRL antibody. Pretreatment of BMSC with PAF increased the BFU-E colony efficiency of cocultured CD34+ cells, and this effect was completely abrogated by the antiserum. PAF-modulated release of PRL by BMSC was confirmed by an enzyme-linked-immunospot (Elispot) technique. In addition, immunoprecipitation and Western blotting experiments showed two immunoreactive products in the BMSC culture medium. These corresponded to the nonglycosylated (23 kD) and glycosylated (25.5 kD) forms of pituitary PRL that are also expressed by the B-lymphoblastoid cell line IM9-P3. Specific increase of the nonglycosylated form and decrease of the glycosylated form was observed after PAF treatment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of reverse transcribed RNA using PRL-specific primers showed the presence of PRL message in BMSC and IM9-P3 cells. In situ hybridization experiments with a rat PRL cDNA probe cross-reacting with human PRL mRNA confirmed its presence in a small fraction of unstimulated BMSC and in the majority of PAF-stimulated BMSC. The enhancing effect of PAF on PRL-mediated colony formation, PRL release, and mRNA activation was counteracted by pretreating BMSC with the PAF-receptor (R) antagonist WEB 2170. Lastly, responsiveness of BMSC to PAF was substantiated by the presence of the PAF-R mRNA on these cells.