Plasmodium falciparum exploits CD44 as a coreceptor for erythrocyte invasion

Author:

Baro Barbara1ORCID,Kim Chi Yong1,Lin Carrie1,Kongsomboonvech Angel K.1ORCID,Tetard Marilou1ORCID,Peterson Nana Ansuah1ORCID,Salinas Nichole D.2ORCID,Tolia Niraj H.2ORCID,Egan Elizabeth S.134ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

2. 2Host-Pathogen Interactions and Structural Vaccinology Section, Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

3. 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

4. 4Chan Zuckerberg Biohub–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Abstract

Abstract The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum invades and replicates asexually within human erythrocytes. CD44 expressed on erythrocytes was previously identified as an important host factor for P falciparum infection through a forward genetic screen, but little is known about its regulation or function in these cells, nor how it may be used by the parasite. We found that CD44 can be efficiently deleted from primary human hematopoietic stem cells using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, and that the efficiency of ex vivo erythropoiesis to enucleated cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) is not affected by lack of CD44. However, the rate of P falciparum invasion was reduced in CD44-null cRBCs relative to isogenic wild-type control cells, validating CD44 as an important host factor for this parasite. We identified 2 P falciparum invasion ligands as binding partners for CD44, erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA-175) and EBA-140 and demonstrated that their ability to bind to human erythrocytes relies primarily on their canonical receptors, glycophorin A and glycophorin C, respectively. We further show that EBA-175 induces phosphorylation of erythrocyte cytoskeletal proteins in a CD44-dependent manner. Our findings support a model in which P falciparum exploits CD44 as a coreceptor during invasion of human erythrocytes, stimulating CD44-dependent phosphorylation of host cytoskeletal proteins that alter host cell deformability and facilitate parasite entry.

Publisher

American Society of Hematology

Subject

Cell Biology,Hematology,Immunology,Biochemistry

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