Health Care Resource Use and Social Costs in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Background: As the number of patients with dementia increases, so do the social costs. In recent years, attempts have been made to reduce risk to be dementia and treat it from the early stages of the disease, making it important to estimate the costs of the early stages. Objective: To estimate the medical and social costs of the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which include mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD and mild AD. Methods: Questionnaires were used to obtain basic information (e.g., age, cognitive function) and medical costs, social care costs, family caregiver medical costs, and family caregiver informal care costs from patients with MCI due to AD or mild AD who were attending a memory clinic. A comparison was then conducted between these two groups. Results: Patients with mild AD had higher total costs, patient medical costs, patient social care costs, and family caregiver informal care costs than did patients with MCI; however, only patient medical costs were significantly different (p = 0.022). A detailed analysis of patient medical costs revealed that anti-dementia drug treatment costs were significantly higher in patients with mild AD (p <  0.001). Conclusion: Compared with patients with mild AD, those with MCI may have lower patient and family caregiver costs. As it is important to reduce social costs through risk reduction and therapeutic interventions from the early stages of AD, the present findings could help estimate the social costs and verify the cost-effectiveness of early interventions for AD.