FEM simulation of palladium thin film coated surface acoustic wave hydrogen sensor for high frequency applications

Abstract

A higher operating frequency is desirable for Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) based sensors as they become more sensitive at high frequencies. The acoustic wave gets more confined near the surface at high frequencies and become more sensitive to the external stimulations. This makes SAW devices a suitable device for sensing gaseous state chemicals. SAW devices have become the basic building block of wireless sensor networks with its advantages enabling remote sensing. In this paper, a SAW based Hydrogen sensor is realized through the Finite Element Analysis tool ANSYS. Hydrogen even though has a significant role in many industries, its explosive nature demands constant monitoring. SAW delay line made up of XY-LiNbO3 as substrate with a thin layer of Palladium coated along the delay length as the sensing element is modeled. Palladium with its high affinity for Hydrogen absorbs the same and undergoes changes in properties like density and stiffness. This disturbs the surface wave propagation and in turn, affects the operating frequency which is the sensor response parameter. The frequency shift of 1.91 MHz for Hydrogen concentration of 0.3 a.f. as compared to 0.49 MHz with YZ- LiNbO3. The operating frequency also shifts to a higher range as the acoustic velocity of the substrate increases.