The Efficacy and Safety of Physiotherapy in People with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Physiotherapy has become increasingly relevant as a new therapeutic intervention for dementia. However, it is unclear which interventions are the most suitable. Objective: This study sought to summarize and critically appraise the evidence on physiotherapy interventions in dementia. Methods: A systematic review conducted using CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and PEDro databases, from their inception to July 2022, identified all experimental studies of dementia that included physiotherapy interventions. Results: Of 194 articles included, the most frequently used interventions were aerobic training (n = 82, 42%), strength training (n = 79, 41%), balance training (n = 48, 25%), and stretching (n = 22, 11%). These were associated with a positive effect on several motor and cognitive outcomes. A total number of 1,119 adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Physiotherapy has several motor and cognitive benefits in dementia. Future research should focus on establishing a physiotherapy prescription protocol for people with mild cognitive impairment and for each stage of dementia.