Work-related rumination declines with age but is moderated by gender

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Much is known about the physical effects of work and health, but less is known about how older workers unwind mentally from work, and their post-work ruminative thinking. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore the association between age, gender and two types of work-related rumination: affective rumination, and problem-solving pondering. METHODS: This study utilized a sample of 3991 full-time employees (working 30 or more hours per week), who were stratified into five age bands (18–25, 26–35, 36–45, 46–55, and 56–65 yrs.). RESULTS: Affective rumination was found to significantly decline in the older age groups (46 + yrs.), but this finding was moderated by gender. Males reported lower work-related rumination over the entire age range, but the greatest difference between males and females was observed in the 56–65 age category. The results for problem-solving pondering mirrored those of affective rumination but with the only exception that there was no significant difference in gender between those aged 18–25 years. CONCLUSION: These findings add to our understanding about how workers (between different age groups) mentally switch off from work and highlight the need for interventions to help older workers mentally recover from the effects of work.