Multilinguality and LLOD: A survey across linguistic description levels
Author:
Gromann Dagmar1, Apostol Elena-Simona2, Chiarcos Christian3, Cremaschi Marco4, Gracia Jorge5, Gkirtzou Katerina6, Liebeskind Chaya7, Mockiene Liudmila8, Rosner Michael9, Schuurman Ineke10, Sérasset Gilles11, Silvano Purificação12, Spahiu Blerina4, Truică Ciprian-Octavian2, Utka Andrius13, Valunaite Oleskeviciene Giedre8
Affiliation:
1. Centre for Translation Studies, University of Vienna, Austria 2. Computer Science and Engineering Department, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Romania 3. Institute for Digital Humanities, University of Cologne, Germany 4. Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemistica e Comunicazione, Università degli Studi di Milano – Bicocca, Italy 5. Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Spain 6. Institute for Language and Speech Processing, “Athena” Research Center, Greece 7. Department of Computer Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Israel 8. Institute of Humanities, Mykolas Romeris University, Lithuania 9. Department of Artificial Intelligence, University of Malta, Malta 10. Centre for Computational Linguistics, KU Leuven, Belgium 11. University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG, 38000 Grenoble, France 12. Department of Portuguese and Romance Studies, University of Porto, Portugal 13. Institute of Digital Resources and Interdisciplinary Research, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania
Abstract
Limited accessibility to language resources and technologies represents a challenge for the analysis, preservation, and documentation of natural languages other than English. Linguistic Linked (Open) Data (LLOD) holds the promise to ease the creation, linking, and reuse of multilingual linguistic data across distributed and heterogeneous resources. However, individual language resources and technologies accommodate or target different linguistic description levels, e.g., morphology, syntax, phonology, and pragmatics. In this comprehensive survey, the state-of-the-art of multilinguality and LLOD is being represented with a particular focus on linguistic description levels, identifying open challenges and gaps as well as proposing an ideal ecosystem for multilingual LLOD across description levels. This survey seeks to contribute an introductory text for newcomers to the field of multilingual LLOD, uncover gaps and challenges to be tackled by the LLOD community in reference to linguistic description levels, and present a solid basis for a future best practice of multilingual LLOD across description levels.
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