1. Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Savoie, Chambery, and University Jean Monnet of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
2. Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
3. Laboratory ACTES, Department of Physiology, University of The French West Indies, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe
4. UMR Inserm, University of The French West Indies, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe
5. Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Experiment, Research Medical School, University of Cocody, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
6. Sickle Cell Center, Medical Center of Lamentin, Martinique
7. Sickle Cell Center, Academic Medical Center, Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe