Transdisciplinary Team Science in Health Research, Where Are We?

Author:

Yang Lin12,Shewchuk Brittany1,Shang Ce3,Lee Jung Ae4,Gehlert Sarah5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Research and Analytics, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada

2. Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

3. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA

4. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA

5. Suzanne Dworak-Peck School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Abstract

Modern medicine and healthcare systems focus on diagnosing, treating, and monitoring diseases in clinical practice. However, contemporary disease burden is driven by chronic diseases, whose determinants occur across multiple levels of influence, from genetics to changes in the natural, built environments to societal conditions and policies. Conventional discipline-specific approaches are useful for the discovery and accumulation of knowledge on single causes of disease entities. Multidisciplinary collaborations can facilitate the identification of the causes of diseases at multi-level, while interdisciplinary collaboration remains limited to transferring tools from one discipline to another, perhaps creating new disciplines (molecular epidemiology, etc). However, these forms of disciplinary collaboration fall short in capturing the complexity of chronic disease. In addition, these approaches lack sufficient power to generate knowledge that is translatable into implementable solutions, because their failure to provide a holistic view limited their ability to capture the complexity of real-world problems. Transdisciplinary collaborations gained popularity in health research in the 1990 s, when disciplinary researchers began to develop integrated research frameworks that transcended discipline-specific methods. Using cancer research as an example, this position paper describes the nature of different disciplinary collaborations, reviews transdisciplinary research projects funded by the US National Cancer Institute, discusses frameworks to develop shared mental model in teams and the evaluation of transdisciplinary collaborations, highlights the role of team science in successful transdisciplinary health research, and proposed future research to develop science of team science.

Publisher

IOS Press

Subject

General Engineering

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