Effect of perioperative cognitive behavioral interventions on pain, anxiety, and sleep quality in elderly patients after sinus floor elevation and immediate implantation: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sinus floor elevation and immediate dental implantation are commonly performed to treat dentition defects in elderly patients. Targeted cognitive behavioral interventions (CBI) during the perioperative period can reduce pain and anxiety as well as improve sleep quality. This can lead to improvements in patient cooperation during follow-up treatment and enhance the overall efficacy of the surgery. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the impact of a cognitive behavioral intervention method on perioperative pain, anxiety, and sleep quality in elderly patients undergoing sinus floor elevation and immediate dental implantation. METHODS: Forty patients who required the treatment at the Stomatology Clinic in our hospital between December 2018 and December 2022 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (n= 20), which received conventional treatment and care during the perioperative period, and an intervention group (n= 20), which received comprehensive behavioral intervention in addition to the conventional treatment and care during the perioperative period. The perioperative anxiety, pain, and sleep quality of the patients in both groups were evaluated. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in SAS and PSQI were observed between the two groups at the initial visit; the values were significantly higher than those measured postoperatively. The SAS scores and PSQI of patients on days 0 and 7 post-surgery in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Perioperative cognitive behavioral intervention can effectively improve anxiety, postoperative pain and sleep quality in elderly patients who have undergone sinus floor elevation and immediate dental implantation, thereby reducing the incidence of complications.