Extracellular matrix hydrogel derived from bovine bone is biocompatible in vitro and in vivo

Author:

Ayala-Ham Alfredo11,Aguilar-Medina Maribel1,León-Félix Josefina2,Romero-Quintana José Geovanni1,Bermúdez Mercedes3,López-Gutierrez Jorge1,Jiménez-Gastélum German1,Avendaño-Félix Mariana1,Lizárraga-Verdugo Erik1,Castillo-Ureta Hipólito1,López-Camarillo César4,Ramos-Payan Rosalio1

Affiliation:

1. , Autonomous University of Sinaloa, , Mexico

2. , , Mexico

3. , Autonomous University of Chihuahua, , Mexico

4. Autonomous University of Mexico City, , Mexico

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, biomaterials used as a scaffold must be easy to deliver in the bone defect area. Extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels are highly hydrated polymers that can fill irregular shapes and act as bioactive materials. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to show the effects of ECM hydrogels derived from bovine bone (bECMh) on proliferation, cytotoxicity and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in three cells types involved in tissue regeneration, as well as biocompatibility in vivo. METHODS: In vitro, we used an extract of bECMh to test it on macrophages, fibroblasts, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MCSs). Cell proliferation was measured using the MTT assay, cytotoxicity was measured by quantifying lactate dehydrogenase release and the Live/Dead Cell Imaging assays. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, MCP-1 and TNF-α were quantified in the supernatants using a microsphere-based cytometric bead array. For in vivo analysis, Wistar rats were inoculated into the dorsal sub-dermis with bECMh, taking as reference the midline of the back. The specimens were sacrificed at 24 h for histological study. RESULTS: In vitro, this hydrogel behaves as a dynamic biomaterial that increases fibroblast proliferation, induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, among which MCP-1 and TNF-α stand out. In vivo, bECMh allows the colonization of host fibroblast-like and polymorphonuclear cells, without tissue damage or inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that bECMh is a biocompatible material that could be used as a scaffold, alone or in conjunction with cells or functional biomolecules, enhancing proliferation and allowing the filling of bone defects to its further regeneration.

Publisher

IOS Press

Subject

Biomedical Engineering,Biomaterials,General Medicine

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