Longitudinal Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Gray Matter Volume Are Associated with Conversion to Hearing Impairment in Older Adults

Abstract

Background: Hearing loss was recently identified as a modifiable risk factor for dementia although the potential mechanisms explaining this relationship are unknown. Objective: The current study examined longitudinal change in resting-state fMRI functional connectivity and gray matter volume in individuals who developed a hearing impairment compared to those whose hearing remained normal. Methods: This study included 440 participants from the UK Biobank: 163 who had normal hearing at baseline and impaired hearing at follow-up (i.e., converters, mean age = 63.11±6.33, 53% female) and 277 who had normal hearing at baseline and maintained normal hearing at follow-up (i.e., non-converters, age = 63.31±5.50, 50% female). Functional connectivity was computed between a priori selected auditory seed regions (left and right Heschl’s gyrus and cytoarchitectonic subregions Te1.0, Te1.1, and Te1.2) and select higher-order cognitive brain networks. Gray matter volume within these same regions was also obtained. Results: Converters had increased connectivity from left Heschl’s gyrus to left anterior insula and from right Heschl’s gyrus to right anterior insula, and decreased connectivity between right Heschl’s gyrus and right hippocampus, compared to non-converters. Converters also had reduced gray matter volume in left hippocampus and left lateral visual cortex compared to non-converters. Conclusion: These findings suggest that conversion to a hearing impairment is associated with altered brain functional connectivity and gray matter volume in the attention, memory, and visual processing regions that were examined in this study.