Affiliation:
1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
3. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe opioid prescription patterns for children with vs. without cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: This cohort study used commercial claims from 01/01/2015–12/31/2016 and included children aged 2–18 years old with and without CP. Opioid prescription patterns (proportion exposed, number of days supplied) were described. A zero-inflated generalized linear model compared the proportion exposed to opioids in the follow-up year (2016) and, among those exposed, the number of days supplied opioids between cohorts before and after adjusting for age, gender, race, U.S. region of residence, and the number of co-occurring neurological/neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). RESULTS: A higher proportion of children with (n = 1,966) vs. without (n = 1,219,399) CP were exposed to opioids (12.1% vs. 5.3%), even among the youngest age group (2–4 years: 9.6% vs. 1.8%), and had a greater number of days supplied (median [interquartile range], 8 [5–13] vs. 6 [4–9] days; P < 0.05). Comparing children with opioid exposure with vs. without CP, a greater number of days supplied was identified for older age, Asian race/ethnicity, and without co-occurring NDDs, and a lower number of days supplied was observed for Black race/ethnicity and with ≥1 co-occurring NDDs. CONCLUSION: Children with CP are more likely to be exposed to opioids and have a higher number of days supplied.