Factor V Leiden mutation and pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism: What is the exact risk?

Abstract

SummaryThe magnitude of the association of factor V Leiden mutation with pregnancy-related venous thrombosis remains unclear. Our objective was to undertake a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature to estimate precisely the association of factor V Leiden mutation with the risk of first,or recurrent,pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism. Studies published before October 2005 were identified by Medline®. Using both fixed and random effect models, odds ratios (OR) with accompanying 95% confidential intervals (CI) were calculated for the factor V Leiden mutation and the clinical end-point (Yusuf-Peto adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel, DerSimonian and Laird method).We identified 13 studies including 7 cohorts and 6 case control studies relating to factor V Leiden and pregnancy-related venous thrombosis.The results from the cohorts showe a pooled OR of 4.46 (95% CI,1.82–10.94;7,879 pooled women), with no evidence of statistical heterogeneity (p=0.36), for the risk of a first venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or the postpartum period associated with the factor V Leiden mutation.Case-control studies revealed a higher risk ( OR 8.6,95% CI, 5.85–12.63; 1,524 pooled women) with significant heterogeneity (p<0.005). Because of insufficient data, an analysis for the risk of recurrence could not be performed. Our findings emphasize the fact that limited data are available on this topic.This meta-analysis provides clinicians with an estimate of the average risk of a first thrombosis occurring during pregnancy in women carrying the factor V Leiden to assist the management of such women.