Physical Exercise–Induced DNA Methylation in Disease-Related Genes in Healthy Adults—A Systematic Review With Bioinformatic Analysis

Author:

Vasileva Fidanka12,Hristovski Robert3,Font-Lladó Raquel14,Georgiev Georgi3,Sacot Arnau15,López-Ros Víctor16,Calleja-González Julio7,Barretina-Ginesta Jordi8,López-Bermejo Abel2910,Prats-Puig Anna111

Affiliation:

1. University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;

2. Pediatric Endocrinology Research Group, Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain;

3. Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia;

4. Research Group of Culture and Education, Institute of Educational Research, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;

5. Basquet Girona, Girona, Spain;

6. Chair of Sport and Physical Education—Centre of Olympic Studies, University of Girona, Girona, Spain;

7. Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain;

8. Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain;

9. Pediatric Endocrinology, Dr. Josep Girona Hospital, Girona, Spain;

10. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain; and

11. Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain

Abstract

Abstract Vasileva, F, Hristovski, R, Font-Lladó, R, Georgiev, G, Sacot, A, López-Ros, V, Calleja-González, J, Barretina-Ginesta, J, López-Bermejo, A, and Prats-Puig, A. Physical exercise-induced DNA methylation in disease-related genes in healthy adults—A systematic review with bioinformatic analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 384–393, 2024—This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature regarding physical exercise (PE) and DNA methylation (DNAm) in healthy adults. Specific goals were to (a) identify differently methylated genes (DMGs) after PE intervention, their imprinting status, chromosome and genomic location, function, and related diseases; and (b) to screen for core genes and identify methylation changes of the core genes that can be modified by PE intervention. Our search identified 2,869 articles from which 8 were finally included. We identified 1851 DMGs (p < 0.05) after PE intervention, although 45 of them were imprinted. Aerobic exercise (AE) seems to induce more DNA hypermethylation rather than hypomethylation, whereas anaerobic exercise (AN) seems to induce more DNA hypomethylation rather than hypermethylation. Aerobic exercise induced highest % of methylation changes on chromosome 6, whereas AN and mixed type (MT) on chromosome 1. Mixed type induced higher % of methylation changes close to transcription start site in comparison to AE and AN. After PE intervention, DMGs were mainly involved in fat metabolism, cell growth, and neuronal differentiation, whereas diseases regulated by those genes were mainly chronic diseases (metabolic, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative). Finally, 19 core genes were identified among DMGs, all related to protein metabolism. In conclusion, our findings may shed some light on the mechanisms explaining PE-induced health benefits such as the potential role that PE-induced DNAm may have in disease prevention and disease treatment.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,General Medicine

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