The microarchitecture of the tissues of the shoulder joint in dogs

Abstract

Up  to  the  present  time  practically  not  studied  the  peculiarities  of  formation  of  cartilage  in the  various  compartments  of  the  shoulder  joint  in  dogs,  as  well  as  zones  of  least  resistance joints  in  General.  Available  studies  mainly  use  visual  diagnostic  methods,  without  applying morphological and morphometric. There is no information about age-related cytomorphological transformations  occurring  in  the  joint  in  normal  and  pathological  conditions.  In  this  regard, the aim of our study was to determine the zone of risk of damage to the shoulder joint in dogs. Studies were conducted on dogs and cadaver material, selected from giant, large and mediumsized  breeds.  Arthroscopic  studies  of  dogs  were  performed,  as  well  as  light  microscopy  of histological sections of freshly treated samples of joint tissues. As a result of trauma to the joint is transformed physiological synovial folds in sklerozirovanie a pathological form that occurs in German shepherd dogs over 5 years of age in 60% of cases. The process of mineralization of the matrix and the appearance of multiple foci of ossification occurs asynchronously in the cartilage of the head of the humerus and the articular cavity of the scapula. Osteoplastic processes in the area  of  articulation  occur  unevenly.  Cartilage  coating  of  the  articular  surface  of  the  shoulder blade is characterized by a more uniform distribution than the articular rotation of the humerus head. The zones of risk of damage to the structures of the shoulder joint in dogs were determined. These include: cranial and medial compartments of the joint, the caudal area of the cartilaginous coating of the humerus, the caudal area of the articular surface of the scapula cavity. The data obtained make up for the information about the diagnosis and risk factors in the development of shoulder joint pathologies in dogs of large and giant breeds. They should be used in clinical diagnosis and surgery of the musculoskeletal system in animals.