Effects of Gum Arabic and its nanoparticles on hepato-renal toxicity induced by bromobenzene in male rats: Physiological, histological, and immunological studies

Abstract

This experimental study investigates the possible protective effects of Gum Arabic (GA) and its nanoparticles in hepato- and reno-toxicity induced by bromobenzene (BB) in rats and possible mechanisms of action. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were sorted into the following: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (NPs), Group 3 (GA, received 2 ml/kg of 10%w/v aqueous suspension), Group 4 (Gum-NPs, received GA loaded NPs), Group 5 (BB), received 460 mg/kg, Group 6 (GA+BB) and Group 7 (GA-NPs+BB). Treatment was via oral gavage daily for 10 days. Liver and kidney functions were measured in sera and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in tissue homogenates, and renal and hepatic tissues expression of caspase-3 were immuno-histochemical assessed beside histological alteration using a light microscope. BB treatment produced impairment of liver and kidney functions and decreased TAC activities and increased caspase-3 expressions in the liver and kidney and altered liver and kidney structures. Co-administration of GA and GA loaded on NPs for 10 days alleviated damaged effects of BB, especially in GA-NPs groups in liver and kidney functions and structures, and decrease expression of caspase-3 in the tissues. In conclusion, GA and its NPs had protective actions versus BB-induced destruction of the kidney and liver due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis actions.