Comprehensive government programs for indigenous peoples in the Philippines

Abstract

This mixed-method study explores government programs aimed at the development of indigenous peoples (IPs) in Panay Island, Philippines. The research examines the socio-demographic profile of IPs, their level of awareness, satisfaction, and attitude towards government programs. It also investigates the significant relationships between the level of awareness, satisfaction, and attitude of IPs towards these programs. Additionally, the study identifies the challenges encountered by the government and IPs in implementing development programs through interviews. Quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire with field inquiries. The results reveal that IPs in Panay Island are comprised of two major ethnic groups. The majority of IPs are married, have an elementary level of education, are in their fifties, self-employed, and hold temporary land status with minimal earnings. IPs demonstrated moderate awareness of Republic Act 8371, their rights to the ancestral domain, the rights of women and children, cultural integrity, and their right against discrimination, as well as other government programs addressing health and gender issues. The level of awareness towards government programs was associated with variables such as sex, income, educational attainment, and employment status. Satisfaction levels varied according to the province of residence, land status, and ethnic group. IPs generally welcome government support and interventions, particularly in the titling of their ancestral domain, but exhibit reservations regarding their customary practices and beliefs. Attitudes toward the government were influenced by variables such as sex, age, educational attainment, income, province of origin, land status, and ethnic group. Significant correlations were found between awareness, satisfaction, and attitude. Insufficient fund allocation was identified as a hindrance to the implementation of government programs.