Enablers and barriers to engaging under-served groups in research: Survey of the United Kingdom research professional’s views

Abstract

Background There is a known lack of diversity in research subject populations. This impacts on the generalisability of findings and effects clinician prescribing. In the United Kingdom those who are underrepresented are thought of as under-served by the research community. They are commonly those affected by health inequality and disparity. Works illustrate the complexity of the issue covering demographic, social, economic and illness factors which contribute to being under-served and strategies to improve engagement. The survey aim was to explore the views of research professionals in the UK. Methods Research professionals were invited to complete an online survey. The findings were analysed using statistical and qualitative methods to identify the enablers and barriers to engagement of under-served groups in research. Descriptive statistics were utilised with associations compared univariately using chi-square test and logistic regression for multivariable analysis. Results A total of 945 completed responses were received. Those identified as under-served agrees with the previous literature with a broader descriptor of ethnic and cultural minorities and the addition of adolescents and young adults. Language and literacy skills have the most impact on being under-served. Only 13% of respondents said they felt equipped to meet the needs of the under-served. The main strategy to increase diversity was community engagement and the movement of research delivery into the community. The largest barriers were funding and time. Training needs identified were linked to community engagement, cultural competence and consent processes. Conclusions The UK findings reflect the previous USA literature. Adolescents and young people are added to the groups identified as under-served. Enablers included community outreach and improvement to communication. Barriers were time, funding, organisational processes and lack of focus. Issues were identified with translation and interpretation services. Training requirements focus on methodologies and methods to engage and the consent of those from under-served groups.