Genotyping the Hemophilia Inversion Hotspot by Use of Inverse PCR

Abstract

Abstract Background: Factor VIII intron 22 inversions (Inv22) cause 40%–45% of severe cases of hemophilia A in all human populations. Currently, Inv22 can be analyzed either by Southern blotting or by rapid long-distance-PCR–based approaches. We describe an alternative method using inverse-PCR (I-PCR). Methods: I-PCR involved 3 steps: (a) BclI restriction; (b) self-ligation of restriction fragments, providing BclI rings; and (c) standard multiplex-PCR analysis. PCR was achieved by use of a set of 3 primers that yielded a 487-bp amplicon for the nonrearranged intragenic allele and a 559-bp amplicon for the Inv22 allele. Specific primer sites were targeted by masking relevant regions for human repeats and low-complexity DNA. Inv22 I-PCR was applied to samples from 16 individuals (8 women and 8 men) representing 24 X chromosomes previously genotyped by Southern blotting. Additionally, we evaluated the sensitivity and the ability to assess eventual Inv22 carrier mosaicisms by experiments using artificial DNA mixtures (Inv22 + no-Inv22 male samples). Results: Results for previously genotyped samples agreed with results of Southern blot analyses. As expected, cell composition of the artificial mosaic was linearly reflected by the relative intensities of Inv22 signals. I-PCR was estimated to detect Inv22-positive cells at concentrations as low as ∼5%. Conclusion: The proposed technique provides a rapid tool for Inv22 genotyping.