Identification of Subtypes of CYP2D Gene Rearrangements among Carriers of CYP2D6 Gene Deletion and Duplication

Abstract

Abstract Background: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is one of the best-known polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzymes. Rapidly evolving genotyping techniques permit the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and thereby a prediction of individual metabolic capacities for CYP2D6 substrates. A considerable part of interindividual variability in CYP2D6 enzyme activity, however, is not related to SNPs but to gene deletions and duplications. Currently used genotyping methods assume that these gene rearrangements are homogeneous. Methods: We analyzed the interindividual variability in CYP2D6 gene arrangements in genomic DNA from 740 Caucasian individuals by allele-specific PCR to identify common SNPs of the CYP2D6 gene that correspond to the variant alleles CYP2D6*3, *4, and *9. We investigated the presence and variability of CYP2D6*5 (gene deletion), CYP2D6x2 (gene duplication), and CYP2D6xn (gene amplification) by EcoRI and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses and by long PCR plus KpnI and BamHI digestion. The presence of new mutations at the CYP2D locus was analyzed by sequencing. Results: CYP2D6 gene rearrangements were present in >12% of individuals. Variability in the rearrangements regarding both gene deletion and gene duplication existed, and one of the unusual arrangements led to incorrect phenotype prediction. The frequency for carriers of unusual gene rearrangements was <0.3% (95% confidence interval, 0%–0.6%) in the population studied. Conclusions: Heterogeneity in CYP2D6 gene rearrangement exists, but the allele frequency indicates that the risk for an erroneous phenotype prediction related to such variability is extremely low and that this risk can be neglected in routine analyses.