Treatment With Autologous Antigen-Presenting Cells Activated With the HER-2 –Based Antigen Lapuleucel-T: Results of a Phase I Study in Immunologic and Clinical Activity in HER-2–Overexpressing Breast Cancer

Abstract

Purpose Lapuleucel-T (APC8024), an autologous active cellular immunotherapy, was prepared from peripheral-blood mononuclear cells, including antigen-presenting cells, that were activated in vitro with recombinant fusion protein BA7072. This antigen construct consisted of sequences from intracellular and extracellular domains of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) linked to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety and immunologic activity of lapuleucel-T in patients with HER-2–overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods Metastatic breast cancer patients whose tumors overexpressed or amplified HER-2 were eligible. Patients underwent leukapheresis and subsequent lapuleucel-T infusion 2 days later at weeks 0, 2, and 4. Patients who achieved a partial response (PR) or had stable disease (SD) lasting through week 48 were eligible for re-treatment using the same protocol and dose as their initial treatment. End points included safety, immunologic activity, and antitumor activity. Results Nineteen patients were enrolled; 18 patients received treatment. Therapy was well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 adverse events associated with the treatment. Significant cellular immune responses specific for the immunizing antigen and HER-2 sequences were induced after treatment, as measured by lymphocyte proliferation and interferon gamma enzyme-linked immunospot assay. One patient experienced a PR lasting 6 months. Three additional patients had SD lasting more than 1 year. Conclusion Autologous active cellular immunotherapy with lapuleucel-T was feasible, safe, and well tolerated. The treatment stimulated significant immune responses, which were enhanced after boost infusions. Lapuleucel-T therapy was associated with tumor response or extended disease stabilization in some patients and warrants further investigation.