Late Effects of Treatment in Survivors of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Author:

Leung Wing1,Hudson Melissa M.1,Strickland Donald K.1,Phipps Sean1,Srivastava Deo K.1,Ribeiro Raul C.1,Rubnitz Jeffrey E.1,Sandlund John T.1,Kun Larry E.1,Bowman Laura C.1,Razzouk Bassem I.1,Mathew Prasad1,Shearer Patricia1,Evans William E.1,Pui Ching-Hon1

Affiliation:

1. From the After Completion of Therapy Program and Departments of Hematology-Oncology, Behavioral Medicine, Biostatistics, Radiation Oncology, and Pharmaceutical Science, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; and the College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for late sequelae of treatment in patients who survived for more than 10 years after the diagnosis of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 77 survivors (median follow-up duration, 16.7 years), 44 (group A) had received chemotherapy, 18 (group B) had received chemotherapy and cranial irradiation, and 15 (group C) had received chemotherapy, total-body irradiation, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Late complications, tobacco use, and health insurance status were assessed. RESULTS: Growth abnormalities were found in 51% of survivors, neurocognitive abnormalities in 30%, transfusion-acquired hepatitis in 28%, endocrine abnormalities in 16%, cataracts in 12%, and cardiac abnormalities in 8%. Younger age at the time of diagnosis or initiation of radiation therapy, higher dose of radiation, and treatment in groups B and C were risk factors for the development of academic difficulties and greater decrease in height Z score. In addition, treatment in group C was a risk factor for a greater decrease in weight Z score and the development of growth-hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, infertility, and cataracts. The estimated cumulative risk of a second malignancy at 20 years after diagnosis was 1.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.3% to 11.8%). Twenty-two patients (29%) were smokers, and 11 (14%) had no medical insurance at the time of last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Late sequelae are common in long-term survivors of childhood AML. Our findings should be useful in defining areas for surveillance of and intervention for late sequelae and in assessing the risk of individual late effects on the basis of age and history of treatment.

Publisher

American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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