Potential of E-Learning Interventions and Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Contouring Skills in Radiotherapy: The ELAISA Study

Author:

Rasmussen Mathis Ersted1ORCID,Akbarov Kamal2ORCID,Titovich Egor2ORCID,Nijkamp Jasper Albertus3ORCID,Van Elmpt Wouter4ORCID,Primdahl Hanne5,Lassen Pernille5,Cacicedo Jon6,Cordero-Mendez Lisbeth2,Uddin A.F.M. Kamal7,Mohamed Ahmed8ORCID,Prajogi Ben9ORCID,Brohet Kartika Erida10ORCID,Nyongesa Catherine11,Lomidze Darejan12,Prasiko Gisupnikha13,Ferraris Gustavo14ORCID,Mahmood Humera15,Stojkovski Igor16ORCID,Isayev Isa17,Mohamad Issa18ORCID,Shirley Leivon19ORCID,Kochbati Lotfi20,Eftodiev Ludmila21,Piatkevich Maksim22ORCID,Bonilla Jara Maria Matilde23,Spahiu Orges24ORCID,Aralbayev Rakhat25,Zakirova Raushan26ORCID,Subramaniam Sandya27ORCID,Kibudde Solomon28ORCID,Tsegmed Uranchimeg29,Korreman Stine Sofia3ORCID,Eriksen Jesper Grau1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

2. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

3. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

4. MAASTRO clinic, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands

5. Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cruces University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain

7. Labaid Cancer Hospital and Super Speciality Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh

8. National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan

9. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

10. Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

11. Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

12. Tbilisi State Medical University and Ingorokva High Medical Technology University Clinic, Tbilisi, Georgia

13. Nepal Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal

14. Centro de Radioterapiya dean Funes, Cordoba, Argentina

15. Atomic Energy Cancer Hospital NORI, Islamabad, Pakistan

16. University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Skopje, Macedonia

17. National Center of Oncology, Baku, Azerbaijan

18. King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan

19. Christian Institute of Health Science and Research, Dimapur, India

20. Hospital Abderrahmen Mami, Ariana, Tunesia

21. Moldavian Oncology Institute, Chisinau, Moldova

22. N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus

23. Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica

24. Mother Tereza Hospital, Tirana, Albania

25. National Centre of Oncology and Hematology, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

26. Center of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Semey, Kazakhstan

27. Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

28. Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda

29. National Cancer Center of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Abstract

PURPOSE Most research on artificial intelligence–based auto-contouring as template (AI-assisted contouring) for organs-at-risk (OARs) stem from high-income countries. The effect and safety are, however, likely to depend on local factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AI-assisted contouring and teaching on contouring time and contour quality among radiation oncologists (ROs) working in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-seven ROs were randomly assigned to either manual or AI-assisted contouring of eight OARs for two head-and-neck cancer cases with an in-between teaching session on contouring guidelines. Thereby, the effect of teaching (yes/no) and AI-assisted contouring (yes/no) was quantified. Second, ROs completed short-term and long-term follow-up cases all using AI assistance. Contour quality was quantified with Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) between ROs' contours and expert consensus contours. Groups were compared using absolute differences in medians with 95% CIs. RESULTS AI-assisted contouring without previous teaching increased absolute DSC for optic nerve (by 0.05 [0.01; 0.10]), oral cavity (0.10 [0.06; 0.13]), parotid (0.07 [0.05; 0.12]), spinal cord (0.04 [0.01; 0.06]), and mandible (0.02 [0.01; 0.03]). Contouring time decreased for brain stem (–1.41 [–2.44; –0.25]), mandible (–6.60 [–8.09; –3.35]), optic nerve (–0.19 [–0.47; –0.02]), parotid (–1.80 [–2.66; –0.32]), and thyroid (–1.03 [–2.18; –0.05]). Without AI-assisted contouring, teaching increased DSC for oral cavity (0.05 [0.01; 0.09]) and thyroid (0.04 [0.02; 0.07]), and contouring time increased for mandible (2.36 [–0.51; 5.14]), oral cavity (1.42 [–0.08; 4.14]), and thyroid (1.60 [–0.04; 2.22]). CONCLUSION The study suggested that AI-assisted contouring is safe and beneficial to ROs working in LMICs. Prospective clinical trials on AI-assisted contouring should, however, be conducted upon clinical implementation to confirm the effects.

Publisher

American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)

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