Affiliation:
1. From the Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, “Sapienza” University; Department of Hematology, National Cancer Institute “Regina Elena”; Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) Data Center, GIMEMA Foundation; Department of Hematology, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Rome; Department of Medical Sciences, “Regina Apostolorum” Hospital, Albano Laziale; Department of Hematology “Le Molinette”, “S.G. Battista” Hospital, Turin; Department of Hematology, “Ferrarotto”...
Abstract
Purpose To compare the antitumor efficacy of three different anthracyclines in combination with cytarabine and etoposide in adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods We randomly assigned 2,157 patients (age range, 15 to 60 years) to receive intensive induction-consolidation chemotherapy containing either daunorubicin, idarubicin, or mitoxantrone. After achieving complete remission (CR), patients were assigned to undergo either allogeneic or autologous stem-cell transplantation (SCT), depending on the availability of a sibling donor. Results The overall CR rate (69%) was similar in the three groups. Autologous SCT was performed in 37% of cases in the daunorubicin arm versus only 29% and 31% in mitoxantrone and idarubicin, respectively (P < .001). However, the disease-free survival (DFS) and survival from CR were significantly shorter in the daunorubicin arm: the 5-year DFS was 29% versus 37% and 37% in mitoxantrone and idarubicin, respectively. The proportion of patients who underwent allogeneic SCT (22%) was equivalent in the three treatment groups, and the outcome was similar as well: the 5-year overall survival rates were 34%, 34%, and 31%, respectively. Conclusion In adult patients with AML who do not receive an allogeneic SCT, the use of mitoxantrone or idarubicin instead of daunorubicin enhances the long-term efficacy of chemotherapy.
Publisher
American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Cited by
154 articles.
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