Factors Relating to Late Presentation of Patients With Breast Cancer in Area 2 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract

Purpose Patients with breast cancer (BC) in Area 2 KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, often present with advanced disease. We performed a review of the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and their reasons for late presentation to identify what changes could be made to improve time to presentation. Patients and Methods Fifty women with T1, T2, T3, or T4 BC were assessed for sociodemographic data. Patients in T3 and T4 groups were asked to provide reasons for late presentation. Results Of 172 patients, 50 had T2, T3, or T4 BC, and 22 had T1. Age ranged from 23 to 100 years (average, 56 years). There was no significant difference in age for different tumor sizes. The average size of a T1 tumor was 1.8 cm; T2, 3.6 cm; T3, 11.4 cm; and T4, 14.8 cm. Regarding education, 19% of patients had never attended school (T1, 5%; T2, 12%; T3, 22%; T4, 32%), and 19% had completed their education (finished 12th grade). The average education level was 6th grade. Patients with larger tumors had less education ( P < .05). Of the patients who lived in rural areas, 41% had T1, 52% had T2, 66% had T3, and 78% had T4 tumors ( P < .01). Patients with larger tumors were associated with having less electricity in their homes than patients with smaller tumors ( P < .05). Patients presented with a variety of symptoms. A breast lump was the presenting complaint in 96% of T1 and T2, 68% of T3 and 32% of T4; with a nipple or skin change, 2% of T3 and 8% of T4; because their families insisted, 6% of T3 and 8% of T4; because of pain, 24% of T3; and because of pain with malodorous smell, 50% of T4. Patients’ reasons for late presentation were fear (40%), not aware of disease severity (40%), fear of losing a breast (40%), referral problems (34%), financial problems (8%), and transportation problems (6%). Approximately 33% sought medical help from traditional healers, and 65% regularly attended clinics. Conclusion Patients who presented late often lived in rural areas with fewer amenities (such as having no electricity in their homes), less education, and poor understanding of BC. Pictorial information about BC needs to be introduced to people who live in rural communities, and opportunistic screening needs to be provided at local clinics.