Patient Selection for Salvage Cryotherapy for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radiation Therapy

Abstract

PURPOSE: Our objective was to identify clinical pretreatment factors associated with early treatment failure after salvage cryotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 1995, 145 patients underwent salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Treatment failure was defined as an increasing postcryotherapy serial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of more than or equal to 2 ng/mL above the postcryotherapy nadir or as a positive posttreatment biopsy. We evaluated the following factors as predictors of treatment failure: tumor stage and grade at initial diagnosis, type of prior therapy, stage and grade of locally recurrent tumor, number of positive biopsy cores at recurrence, and precryotherapy PSA level. RESULTS: Among patients with a prior history of radiation therapy only, the 2-year actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 74% for patients with a precryotherapy PSA less than 10 ng/mL and 28% for patients with a precryotherapy PSA more than 10 ng/mL, P < .00001. The DFS rates were 58% for patients with a Gleason score of less than or equal to 8 recurrence and 29% for patients with a Gleason score greater than or equal to 9 recurrence, P < .004. Among patients with a precryotherapy PSA less than 10 ng/mL, DFS rates were 74% for patients with a prior history of radiation therapy only and 19% for patients with a history of prior hormonal therapy plus radiation therapy, P < .002. CONCLUSION: Patients failing initial radiation therapy with a PSA more than 10 ng/mL and Gleason score of the recurrent cancer more than or equal to 9 are unlikely to be successfully salvaged. Patients failing initial hormonal therapy and radiation therapy are less likely to be successfully salvaged than patients failing radiation therapy only.