Abiraterone Alone or in Combination With Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Rising Prostate-Specific Antigen During Enzalutamide Treatment

Author:

Attard Gerhardt1,Borre Michael1,Gurney Howard1,Loriot Yohann1,Andresen-Daniil Corina1,Kalleda Ranjith1,Pham Trinh1,Taplin Mary-Ellen1,

Affiliation:

1. Gerhardt Attard, The Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Michael Borre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Howard Gurney, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Yohann Loriot, Gustave Roussy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U981, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Corina Andresen-Daniil, Ranjith Kalleda, and Trinh Pham, Pfizer, New York, NY; and Mary-Ellen...

Abstract

Purpose Enzalutamide resistance could result from raised androgens and be overcome by combination with abiraterone acetate. PLATO ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01995513) interrogated this hypothesis using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Patients and Methods In period one, men with chemotherapy-naïve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer received open-label enzalutamide 160 mg daily. Men with no prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increase at weeks 13 and 21 were treated until PSA progression (≥ 25% increase and ≥ 2 ng/mL above nadir), then randomly assigned at a one-to-one ratio in period two to abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg daily and prednisone 5 mg twice daily with either enzalutamide or placebo (combination or control group, respectively) until disease progression as defined by the primary end point: progression-free survival (radiographic or unequivocal clinical progression or death during study). Secondary end points included time to PSA progression and PSA response in period two. Results Of 509 patients enrolled in period one, 251 were randomly assigned in period two. Median progression-free survival was 5.7 months in the combination group and 5.6 months in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.12; P = .22). There was no difference in the secondary end points. Grade 3 hypertension (10% v 2%) and increased ALT (6% v 2%) or AST (2% v 0%) were more frequent in the combination than the control group. Conclusion Combining enzalutamide with abiraterone acetate and prednisone is not indicated after PSA progression during treatment with enzalutamide alone; hypertension and elevated liver enzymes are more frequent with combination therapy.

Publisher

American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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