Advances in elucidating mechanochemical complexities via implementation of a simple organic system

Author:

Michalchuk Adam A. L.12345,Tumanov Ivan A.4565,Drebushchak Valeri A.4575,Boldyreva Elena V.4565

Affiliation:

1. School of Chemistry

2. The University of Edinburgh

3. Edinburgh, UK

4. Novosibirsk State University

5. Novosibirsk, Russian Federation

6. Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS

7. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS

Abstract

Mechanochemistry is becoming increasingly popular amongst both the academic and industrial communities as an alternative method for inducing physical and chemical reactions. Despite its rapidly expanding application, little is understood of its mechanisms, greatly limiting its capacity. In the present work the application of specialty devices allowed submission of the simple organic system, α-glycine + β-malonic acid, to isolated shearing and impact treatment. In doing so, unique products were observed to result from each of these major mechanical actions; shear inducing formation of the known salt, glycinium semi-malonate (GSM), and impact yielding formation of a novel phase. Correlation of these isolated treatments with a more common ball mill indicated two unique regions within the milling jar, each characterised by varying ratios of shear and impact, leading to different products being observed. It is widely accepted that, particularly when considering organic systems, mechanical treatment often acts by inducing increases in local temperature, leading to volatilisation or melting. A combination of DSC and TGA were used to investigate the role of temperature on the system in question. Invariably, heating induced formation of GSM, with evidence supporting a eutectic melt, rather than a gas-phase reaction. Shear heating alone is unable to describe formation of the novel phase obtained through impact treatment. By considering the formation and character of mechanically produced tablets, a model is described that may account for formation of this novel phase. This system and methodology for mechanochemical study offers intriguing opportunities for continued study of this widely used and exciting field.

Publisher

Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Subject

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

Reference90 articles.

1. Transformations of mechanical into chemical energy; Part III, Action of shearing stress continued

2. Athermal Fracture of Covalent Bonds

3. V. V. Boldyrev , Treatise on Materials Science and Technology , 1983 , pp. 186–223

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