Chemistry of the Troposphere

Abstract

The concept of pollutant cycling in the atmosphere is introduced in this chapter and the basic determinants of atmospheric lifetime and concentration variability described. The hydroxyl radical is central to atmospheric chemistry and its formation pathways are discussed leading into a description of the formation chemistry and behaviour of tropospheric ozone. A subsequent description of other atmospheric oxidants (peroxyacetylnitrate and oxides of nitrogen) is followed by a consideration of the sources and sinks of atmospheric acids and bases. Amongst the most important constituents in the atmosphere in relation to human health and climate regulation are atmospheric aerosols whose typical composition and formation pathways are outlined. Finally, the inter-relationships between pollutants, environmental effects and impacts in relation to climate, eco-systems and human health are presented.