Protein Nanostructures

Abstract

Proteins are one of the essential building blocks of biological structures at both the macro- and micro-scales, and many nanometer-sized protein structures are responsible for the basic functions of living systems. By understanding the attributes and potential interactivity of individual proteins one can design specific protein structures at the nanometer length-scale for advanced applications in food or medicine. In this chapter, major classes of protein nanostructures are discussed which have been developed over several decades of research. Of particular emphasis are the protein nanostructures that have been purposefully designed for use in medical or food applications, where it is most desirable to maintain reduced cost and natural sources. The nanostructures discussed include coacervates, self-assembled conjugates, desolvated nanoparticles, emulsion-templated nanoparticles, microgels, and fibrillar structures. By providing a cursory discussion on the principles of their formation and attributes of the finished nanoparticles, this chapter aims to provide perspective and potential inspiration for further development in protein-based nanoparticles.